Abstract Burley tobacco-leaf protein extracted by alkali and precipitated by acid was hydrolyzed enzymatically, and optimum protease and hydrolysis parameters were determined. Pepsin was best and gave the highest hydrolysis rate (15.55%). As per results of the single-factor test, optimum hydrolysis conditions were: temperature 37 °C, pH 2, and an [E]/[S] ratio of 5%. These hydrolysis conditions were optimized by an orthogonal experiment that rendered the same results as the single factor experiment. The ratio of essential to total amino acids and that of essential to non-essential amino acids contained in the burley tobacco-leaf protease hydrolysate were higher than the FAO/WHO standard values of 0.4 and 0.6, among which hydrophobic amino acid content was the highest, followed by negatively and positively charged amino acid contents. In vitro antioxidant experiments showed that the scavenging rates of DPPH, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radicals of tobacco-leaf protein hydrolysates were higher than those before hydrolysis. Further, the hydroxyl radical-scavenging rate was the most significant, and total antioxidant capacity was improved. The nutritive value of the burley tobacco-leaf protein hydrolysate improved upon pepsin-mediated hydrolysis, and the antioxidant activity was better. These results provide a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of tobacco protein resources.

RESUMO Objetivo: O esporte desempenha um papel crucial no espírito esportivo nacional da China. Portanto, é necessário promover ainda mais o desenvolvimento da China como uma potência esportiva. A saúde das pessoas precisa ser elevada ao auge da estratégia nacional de aptidão física, e o governo deveria implementar seriamente o trabalho de saúde das pessoas. Métodos: a construção do “País poderoso para o esporte” e da “China saudável” fornece uma direção mais precisa para o desenvolvimento da aptidão física nacional e abre um caminho mais amplo para o desenvolvimento da saúde nacional. O sonho de um país poderoso no esporte tem uma longa história, e tempos diferentes têm definições diferentes. Resultados: a construção de uma potência esportiva é um projeto estratégico para o desenvolvimento de uma capacidade socialista moderna com características chinesas. Acelerar a construção de uma potência esportiva está relacionado com a prosperidade e o rejuvenescimento nacional, e está intimamente relacionado com a felicidade do povo. Conclusões: somente resolvendo o problema do deslocamento na construção de uma potência esportiva e promovendo a integração profunda da condição física e da saúde nacional se poderá quebrar a barreira que impede o desenvolvimento sustentável do esporte nacional e criar uma nova força motriz para o desenvolvimento de uma potência esportiva. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos – investigação de resultados de tratamento.

ABSTRACT Objective: Sports play a crucial role in China’s national sportsmanship. Therefore, it is necessary to further promote China’s development as a sports powerhouse. People’s health needs to be raised to the pinnacle of the national fitness strategy, and the government should seriously implement people’s health work. Methods: the construction of the “Powerful Country for Sports” and “Healthy China” provides a more precise direction for the development of national fitness and opens a broader path for the development of national health. The dream of a powerful country in sports has a long history, and different times have different definitions. Results: building a sports power is a strategic project for the development of modern socialist capability with Chinese characteristics. Accelerating the construction of a sports power is related to national prosperity and rejuvenation, and is closely related to the happiness of the people. Conclusions: the barrier preventing the sustainable development of national sports break and create a new driving force for the development of a sports power only by solving the problem of displacement in building a sports power and promoting the deep integration of national fitness and health. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

Resumen Objetivo: Los deportes desempeñan un papel crucial en el espíritu deportivo nacional de China. Por lo tanto, es necesario seguir promoviendo el desarrollo de China como potencia deportiva. Es necesario elevar la salud del pueblo a la cúspide de la estrategia nacional de aptitud física, y el gobierno debe implementar seriamente el trabajo de salud de las personas. Métodos: la construcción del “País poderoso en deportes” y de la “China saludable” proporciona una dirección más precisa para el desarrollo de la aptitud física nacional y abre un camino más amplio para el desarrollo de la salud nacional. El sueño de un país poderoso en el deporte tiene una larga historia, y diferentes épocas tienen diferentes definiciones. Resultados: la construcción de una potencia deportiva es un proyecto estratégico para el desarrollo de la capacidad socialista moderna con características chinas. Acelerar la construcción de una potencia deportiva está relacionado con la prosperidad y el rejuvenecimiento nacionales, y está estrechamente relacionado con la felicidad del pueblo. Conclusiones: sólo resolviendo el problema del desplazamiento en la construcción de una potencia deportiva y promoviendo la integración profunda de la aptitud y la salud nacionales se puede romper la barrera que impide el desarrollo sostenible del deporte nacional y crear una nueva fuerza motriz para el desarrollo de una potencia deportiva. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos – investigación de resultados de tratamiento.

Abstract Objective To analyze the Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase subunit Alpha-2 (P4HA2) expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma (LAUD). Methods The authors assessed P4HA2 expression in the LUAD tumor ecosystem using single-cell analysis. The authors analyzed the relationship between P4HA2 expression and clinical features in LUAD and Brain Metastasis (BM) cases. The authors assessed the biological functions of P4HA2 using The Cancer Genome Atlas-LUAD dataset. Results P4HA2 was more highly expressed in fibroblasts than in epithelial cells in normal lung and lung adenocarcinoma tissues (p < 0.001). P4HA2 was more highly expressed in malignant epithelial cells than in fibroblasts in the BM tissue (p = 0.002). P4HA2 expression was significantly higher in female cases than in male cases (p = 0.049) and was related to lymph node metastasis (p = 0.019) and a higher TNM stage (p = 0.020). High P4HA2 expression indicated a poor prognosis and served as an independent prognostic risk factor in lung cancer. P4HA2 was mainly enriched in the extracellular matrix organization, NADH regeneration, and canonical glycolysis. P4HA2 expression was negatively correlated with naive B cells, T-cells, CD8, and activated natural killer cells, but positively correlated with CD4 memory-activated T cells, regulatory T-cells, resting dendritic cells, and dendritic cell activation. P4HA2 messenger RNA expression was correlated with programmed death-ligand 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4. Conclusion P4HA2 is highly expressed in LUAD tumor cells, especially for the BM subtype, and is a valuable prognostic indicator of LUAD. It may be involved in a biological activity of distant metastasis of LUAD tumor cells and serve as a potential treatment target.

Abstract Two new monoterpene glycosides, perillanolides A and B, together with a known compound reported from the genus Perilla for the first time were isolated and characterized from the leaves of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, Lamiaceae, a garnish and colorant for foods as well as commonly used for traditional medicine. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic evidences derived from nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, mass spectrometry and by comparing their physical and spectroscopic data of literature. These compounds, together with the previously isolated secondary metabolites of this species, were investigated for their inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase in vitro. Of the compounds, luteolin showed the strongest inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 2.18 µM. Esculetin and scutellarein moderately inhibited the enzyme, while perillanolides A and B, and 4-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyloxymethyl)phenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside exerted weak activities.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine the effect of diagnostic ureteroscopy on intravesical recurrence in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 664 patients who were treated with RNU for UTUC from June 2000 to December 2011, excluding those who had concomitant/prior bladder tumors. Of the 664 patients, 81 underwent diagnostic ureteroscopy (URS). We analyzed the impact of diagnostic ureteroscopy on intravesical recurrence (IVR) using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the independent risk factors. Results: The median follow-up time was 48 months (interquartile range (IQR): 31-77 months). Patients who underwent ureteroscopy were more likely to have a small (p<0.01), early-staged (p=0.019), multifocality (p=0.035) and ureteral tumor (p<0.001). IVR occurred in 223 patients during follow-up within a median of 17 months (IQR: 7-33). Patients without preoperative ureteroscopy have a statistically significant better 2-year (79.3%±0.02 versus 71.4%±0.02, p<0.001) and 5-year intravesical recurrence-free survival rates (64.9%±0.05 versus 44.3%±0.06, p<0.001) than patients who underwent ureteroscopy. In multivariate analysis, the diagnostic ureteroscopy (p=0.006), multiple tumors (p=0.001), tumor size <3cm (p=0.008), low-grade (p=0.022) and pN0 stage tumor (p=0.045) were independent predictors of IVR. Conclusions: Diagnostic ureteroscopy is independently associated with intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy.

OBJECTIVES:The transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate system treats irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation from transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate-I to transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate-III. However, this system has demonstrated problems associated with screw loosening, atlantoaxial fixation and concealed or manifest neurovascular injuries. This study sought to design a set of individualized templates to improve the accuracy of anterior C2 screw placement in the transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate-IV procedure.METHODS:A set of individualized templates was designed according to thin-slice computed tomography data obtained from 10 human cadavers. The templates contained cubic modules and drill guides to facilitate transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate positioning and anterior C2 screw placement. We performed 2 stages of cadaveric experiments with 2 cadavers in stage one and 8 in stage two. Finally, guided C2 screw placement was evaluated by reading postoperative computed tomography images and comparing the planned and inserted screw trajectories.RESULTS:There were two cortical breaching screws in stage one and three in stage two, but only the cortical breaching screws in stage one were ranked critical. In stage two, the planned entry points and the transverse angles of the anterior C2 screws could be simulated, whereas the declination angles could not be simulated due to intraoperative blockage of the drill bit and screwdriver by the upper teeth.CONCLUSIONS:It was feasible to use individualized templates to guide transoral C2 screw placement. Thus, these drill templates combined with transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate-IV, may improve the accuracy of transoral C2 screw placement and reduce related neurovascular complications.

Um lipopeptídio biosurfactante produzido por Bacillus natto TK-1 apresenta intensa atividade de superfície. Verificou-se que o biosurfactante apresentou atividade antiadesiva contra várias cepas bacterianas, e também atividade antimicrobiana de amplo espectro. O biosurfactante causou uma redução significativa na viabilidade de células tumorais, de forma dose-dependente.

A lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by Bacillus natto TK-1 has a strong surface activity. The biosurfactant was found to be an anti-adhesive agent against several bacterial strains, and also showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The biosurfactant induced a significant reduction in tumor cells viability in a dose- dependent manner.